January,  26, 2002  c

This extensive handout is designed to help my students understand and access the vast network of history research opportunities on the World Wide Web. Although the Web offers unprecedented opportunities to historians and history students, it also offers a number of possible pitfalls and frustrations to the beginning--and seasoned--researcher. Thus, it is my intention here to not only assist students in "breaking the ice and in enhancing their electronic research skills, but to acclimate them to the realities of completing quality research on this information network, as well.

History students in my classes will be required to demonstrate proficiency in electronic research as part of their grading requirements. To strengthen my instructional goals, both in conventional classroom and in distance-learning courses, students will learn about the history profession's new concept of distributed resources (DR). DR refers to the decentralization of primary sources now available through electronic technology. DR is a tool that allows researchers to access historical documents and collections at electronic locations other than conventional libraries and archives, independent of time, travel, and expenses normally incurred in historical research. In essence, the Web now creates the ability for researchers to complete virtual searches in rare and distant collections, an unprecedented achievement since Herodotus earned the sobriquet Father of History for his emphasis on recording accurate history in the fifth century BC. Indeed, Herodotus' emphasis of historiai, which means researcher, offers an especially felicitous example of the importance of thoroughly mining resources in order to create critical history.

As already noted, the world of cyberspace is both exhilarating and frustrating. That world is changing so rapidly that researchers must redefine and improve their skills almost on a daily basis. The Internet's methomorphosis is a continual process, what we deem today as adequate research knowledge and skills may be outdated tomorrow. Mastering the mechanics of Internet research is, therefore, a never-ending process. You will be learning about this process in class, library, and computer lab sessions. While you may not be experts by the time you depart my class, you will be proficient in basic electronic searches.

Before we undertake this collaborative-learning process, let me address a few introductory points. First, the Internet is actually a worldwide network of computer highways commonly called the World Wide Web (WWW). The WWW accesses and distributes resources and information essential to historical inquiry. In my classes, students will receive instructional materials on the Web and will complete assigned requirements on it. For committed students, the WWW provides ready access to instructional modes and essential resources. For students who have not accessed the Web, the procedure of getting started will be addressed early and thoroughly in my class. This approach requires the students you to take an active role in the learning process.

The following sections of this handout are designed to increase your understanding of the almost limitless historical resources on the Web and to facilitate your ability to complete quality research on it. This handout is divided into the following sections:- ELECTRONIC RESOURCE GUIDE FOR HISTORY:

- American History

- Ancient History

- European History

- Historical Figures

- Medieval Studies

- Military History

- Florida Sites

- Asian History

- Miscellaneous Historical Sites

- HISTORICAL ORGANIZATIONS

- HISTORICAL JOURNALS AVAILABLE ONLINE

- HISTORY DEPARTMENTS AROUND THE WORLD

- GLOSSARY

- BIBLIOGRAPHY OF RELEVANT PRINTED SOURCES

- CITING ELECTRONIC SOURCES

A final note: This handout includes resources and materials I have discovered through my own endless hours of formal instruction and informal research on the Web. Should you find either errors in my site address or useful new site addresses relevant to historical research, please bring them to my attention. This handout is organic in nature and will, therefore, be undergoing continuous revision and reformatting in the interest of making it more useful and didactic for my students. Your assistance in this endeavor will be appreciated.ELECTRONIC RESOURCE SITES FOR HISTORY

African-American History:

http://www.msstate.edu/Archives/History/USA/Afro-Amer/afro.html

African-American Civil War (National Park Service):

http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/

African -American Woman: On Line Archival Collections:

http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu

American and British History:

http://info.rutgers.edu/rulib/artshum/amhist.html

American Civil War Home Page:

http://funnelweb.utcc.utk.edu/-hoemann/cwarhp/html

American Civilization Internet Resources:

http://www.georgetown.edu/departments/amer_studies/internet.html

American History:

http://www.academic.marist.edu/history/hisamer.htm

American Memory:

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/amhome.html

The American Revolution and the Struggle for Independence:

http://grid.let.rug.nl/-welling/usa/revolution.html

American Studies Web:

http://www.library.yale.edu/internet/americanstudies.html

Anti-Imperialism in the United States, 1898-1935:

http://web.syr.edu/-fjzwick/

http://web.syr.edu:80/~fjzwick/ail98-35/html

Black Studies:

http://library.berkeley.edu/Collections/africana/

http://www.blacknet.co.uk/framedu.htm (England)

http://www.artsci.wustl.edu/~afas/

Civil War:

http://www.access.digex.net/~bdboyle/cw.html

Civil War Black Soldiers Network -National Park Service:

http://www.itd.nps.gov/cwss/

Civil War Women: On-Line Archival Collection:

http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu/collections/civil-war-women.html

Declaration of Independence:

gopher://wiretap.spies.com:70/00/Gov/US-History/decind.txt

Discovering American History on CD-ROM: A History of the American People, a valuable study resource complete with historical photos and study questions.

http://www.prenhall.com/faragher

Edison National Historical Sites:

http://www.eh.net/~bhc/Exchange/edhome.html

Indiana Historical Society:

http://www.ihs1830.org/ihs.html

Life Histories-American Memory Project:

http://lcweb2.loc.gov/wpaintro/wpahome.html

United States-History:

gopher://wiretap.spies.com/11/Gov/US-History

Valley of the Shadow:

http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/vshadow.vshadow.html

The West- New Perspectivesyour invitation to the new frontier in learning about the west. Explore it on the web.

http://www.gm.com/thewest

Alexandria, Egypt:

http://pharos.bu.edu/Egypt/Alexandria

Ancient City of Athens:

http://www.indiana.edu/~kglowack/Athens/Athens.html

Archaeological Survey in the Eastern Desert of Egypt:

http://rome.classics.lsa.umich.edu/projects/coptos.desert/html

Diotima: Women & Gender in the Ancient World:

http://www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/Classics/gender.html

Exploring Ancient World Cultures:

http://cedar.evansville.edu/~wcweb/wc101

Kelsey Museum Educational and Outreach Program:

http://classics.lsa.umich.edu/~Kelseydb/

Oriental Institute:

http://www-oi.uchicago.edu

Perseus Project Home Page:

http://medusa.perseus.tufts.edu/

Peter Konin's Ancient Rome Page:

http://www.detour.com/~pkonin

Pompeii:

http://www.tulane.edu/pompeii/text/pompeii.html

Pompeii Forum:

http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/pompeii/page-1.html

Berlin Wall Falls Project:

http://192.253.114.31/Berlin/Introduction/Berlin.html

Eighteenth Century Studies:

http://www.english.upenn.edu/~jlynch/18th/html

European History:

http://www.academic.marist.edu/history/hiseuro.htm

Europe/Russia/Eastern Europe:

http://execpc.com/~dboals/europe.html

Germany-Database of German Nobility:

http://faui80.informatik.uni-erlanger.de/html/

The Historical Text Archive:

http://www.msstate.edu/Archives/History

History Pages:

http://ux1.cso.uiuc.edu/~kundert/josh/../history/history.html

Irish History on the Web:

http://wwwvms.utexas.edu/~jdana/

Irish Potato Famine:

http://www1.cc.emory.edu/FAMINE

Stabio: The Guido Mazzoni Pamphlet Collection:

http://scriptorium.lib.duke.edu

REESWeb: Russian and East European Studies:

http://www.pitt.edu/~cjp/rees.html

Russian Information:

http://www.valley.net/~transnat/russsubj.html

Soviet Archives: Entrance Room:

http://sunsite.unc.edu/expo/soviet.exhibit/entrance.html

The Victorian Web:

http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/hypertext/landow/victorian/victov.html

Primary Sources Online

http://library.byu.edu/~rdh/eurodocs/

Lots of Good Stuff

http://history.hanover.edu/european.htm

More Good Stuff

http://www.reed.edu/!ccampbel/tkp/links.html

News Service

http://www.centraleurope.com/

Site Related to PBS Broadcast

http://pbs.org/greatwar/

Govt of Britain

http://www.open.gov.uk

Plaid Cymru, the Welsh Nationalist Party

http://www.com/political-party/plaid-cymru/englishindex.html

Govt of Czech Republic

http://www.czech.cz

Govt of Lithuania

http://www.tdd.lt~ear/lithgov.html

http://europa.eu.int

http://www.cordis.lu

http://www.eea.dk

http://www2.echo.lu

http://www.ispo.cec.be

http://www.europarl.eu.int

http://www.eurunion.org (This is the US website of the EU.)

Abraham Lincoln On-line:

http://www.netins.net/showcase/creative/lincoln.html

Chronology of World Rulers & Leaders:

http://www.dgsys.com/~blizzard

Educational Sources for George Washington:

http://www.mountvernon.org/image/george.html

Empires Beyond the Great Wall: The Heritage of Genghis Khan:

http://vvv.com/khan

Fair Play:

http://rmii.com/~jkelin/fp.html

JFK Resources On-line:

http://www.cybercom.net/~jimas/cheryl/jfk.html

Leonardo da Vinci Museum:

http://cellini.leonardo.net/museum/gallery.html

Spectrum Biography Library:

http://www.autobaun.com/~kbshaw/Biographies/BioLibrary.html

Thomas Jefferson:

http://grid.let.rug.nl/~welling/usa/jefferson.html

Thomas Paine:

http://freethought/tamu.edu/freethought/thomas_paine/

Twisted Freaks of History:

http://www.tiac.net/users/jclark/index.html

The United States Presidents: Welcome Page:

http://utkvx1.utk.edu/~razz2/uspress1.html

Articles on Medieval/Renaissance Subjects:

http://www.honors.indiana.edu/~atrium/script/articles.html

WWW Medieval Resources:

http://ebbs.english.vt.edu/medieval/medieval.ebbs.html

Cold War Hot Links:

http://www.stmartin.edu/~dprice/cold.war.html

Cybrary of the Holocaust:

http://www2.best.com/~mddunn/cybrary/

D-Day:

http://192.253.114.31/D-Day/Table_of_contents.html

Gulf War Photo Gallery:

http://users.aol.com/andyhosk/gulf-war.html

Korean War Project:

http://www.onramp.net/~hbarker/index1.htm

Military History:

http://www.cfcsc.dnd.ca/links/milhist/

Operation Desert Storm Debriefing Book:

http://www.nd.edu/~aleyden/contents.html

Remembering Nagasaki:

http://www.exploratorium.edu/nagasaki/

Vietnam Veterans Home Page:

http://www.vietvet.org/

Vietnam War:

http://www.ionet.net/~uheller/vnbktoc.shtml

World War I (1914-1918):

http://www.cfcsc.dnd.ca/links/milhist/wwi.html

World War II on the Web:

http://www.bunt.com/~mconrad/

Florida Historical Society, Headquarters:

roeshhous@aol.com

University of South Florida Library, Special Collections:

http://www.lib.usf.edu/spccoll/

Indian History

http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/%7Evdk/india/indcountry.html

History of Bombay

http://www.bchs.uh.edu/%7Emdoshi/bombay/bombay.html

Macaulay's "Minute on Education"

http://humanities.ucsb.edu/users/raley/english/macaulay.html

India's Embassy in Beijing

http://www.gcinfo.com/indembch/

Govt of Taiwan

http://www.gio.gov.tw/index.html

Govt of Hong Kong

http://www.info.gov.hk

Govt of China

http://www.asianet.com/china/china-gov

Govt of Tibet in Exile

http://www.tibet.com

News Organization with Info on all of Asia

http://www.mcb.co.uk/ampforum/opc/news.html

Fairbank Chinese History Virtual Library

http://www.cnd.org:8011/fairbank/

University of California Chinese History Research Site

http://www.orpheus.ucsd.edu/chinesehistory/

Timeline of Chinese History

http://www.china5000pro.com/

Amnesty International

http://www.oneworld.org/amnesty/ai_press_archive.html

ADFA History: History on the Internet:

http://www.adfa.oz.au/HISTORY/links.html

Archaeological Sites Newsgroup Indexes:

http://www.oi.uchicago.edu/OI/DEPT/RA/ABZU/ABZU.HTML)

A Beginners Guide to HTML:

http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/General/Internet/WWW/HTMLPrimer.html

BUBL Information Service Web Server:

http://www.bubl.bath.ac.uk/BUBL/History.html

Field Guide to Home Pages:

A Field Guide To Home Pages:

http://nearnet.gnn.com/gnn/netizens/fieldguide.html

Essays in History:

http://www.lib.virginia.edu/journals/EH/EH.html

Gateway to World History:

http://neal.ctstateu.edu/history/world_history/index.html

H-NET (History Discussion Groups):

http://hs1.hst.msu.edu/~books/listindex.html!

History Computerization Project:

http://www.directnet.com/history/

History Departments:

http://web.gmu.edu/departments/history/research/depts.html

History Websites Newsgroup Indexes:

http://hobbit.hum.port.ac.uk/Web/history.html

Holocaust Newsgroup Indexes:

http://www.dsu.nodak.edu/course/artscience/socbehav/holocau.html

How to Publish on the Web:

http://www.theglim.org/

James B. Ross' Home Page:

http://134.129.87.200/jrhome.htm

Internet Mailing Lists type SUBSCRIBE [space] name of list[space]your name:

h-asia : listserv@h-net.msu.edu (moderated forum of scholarly discussions.)

h-ideas : listserv@uicvm.uic.edu (moderated forum specializing in intellectual history.)

Lords of the Earth: Maya/Aztec/Inca Exchange:

http://www.realtime.net/maya

The Maritime History Virtual Archives:

http://pc-78-120.udac.se:8001/WWW/Nautica/Nautica.html

Maya:

http://www.realtime.net/maya/

Native American Cultural Resources on the Internet:

http://hanksville.phast.umass.edu/misc/NAculture.html

Newsgroups Dedicated to History:

http:www.nyu.edu/gsas/dept/history/internet/general/usenet.html

http://www.enterprise.ca/news/index.soc.history.html

http://www.hist.unt.edu/09-unet.htm

Rockefeller Archive Center:

http://www.rockefeller.edu./archive.ctr./ (description of the center's collections and other reference tools.)

Social History Newsgroups Index:

http//www:enterprise.ca/news/index.soc.history.html

UNESCO World Heritage List:

http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~salmon/world.heritage.html

World Cultures Internet Resources Newsgroup Indexes:

http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/InternetResources.html

American Historical Association:

http://web.grmu.edu/chnm/aha

American Historical Review:

http://www.indiana.edu/~amhrev/

http://www.jstor.org:

The American Historical Review

The Journal of American History

The Journal of Military History

The Journal of Modern History

Renaissance Quarterly

Speculum

The William and Mary Quarterly

[GMU/History Dept./Research/Faculty/Grad School/Newsgroups/Usage Logs/Comments]

http://web.gmu.edu/departments/history/research/depts.html

ANONYMOUS FTP: A system that allows users to log into a remote computer and transfer files by logging in as anonymous.

ARCHIE: An Internet search program that retrieves files available on ftp sites.

ASC II: Acronym for America Stoalid Code for information interchange, used frequently to transfer filer between different programs and unformatted texts.

BIT: A binary digit; computers operate and save information in binary codes of 1 or 0.

BITS PER SECOND (BPS): The speed of transmission of a modem. Common rates are 2400, 14,400 and 28,800 bps.

BOOKMARKS: By selecting "add" from the Bookmark menu, you can subsequently return to this URL address by simply selecting it from the Bookmark menu. This eliminates the need to retype a complete URL address when doing searches at a later date.

BROWSER: Web program that serves as an interface for Internet and displays HTML documents allows users to link various Web pages. Netscape Navigator is an example.

BBS: Bulletin Board Service used to post and receive messages from disparate users.

CAPTURE: Saving information received via telecommunications.

CHAT: An option in some telecommunications systems that allows users to communicate through typing on their respective computers.

CLIENT (AKA: Web browser): Any software source that locates information on the Internet by accessing disparate servers.

COMPRESSED FILES: Most Internet files are reduced in size to make transfer easier. Programs such as PKUNZIP, decompress files after they are transferred.

CONNECT TIME: The amount of time a computer is connected to a telecommunications service.

CYBER: Prefix or adjective used to describe electronic research and online services.

DIAL-UP CONNECTION: Connecting to an Internet service provider through a modem and telephone line. After connection, the computer acts as a terminal on the service provider's computer.

DOWNLOAD: Receiving and saving files through a internet system.

ELECTRONIC MAIL: Mail sent through electronic transfer; messages are stored on a computer until the receiver accesses the system and reads the messages.

FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions): Many Internet sites list FAQ files with answers to common questions.

FREENET: A community or locally sponsored Internet connection that allows free access to information resources.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol): A utility for transferring files on the Internet.

GIF (Graphic Interchange Format): An image file format that is common on the Internet.

GOPHER: A menu-based file index at various Internet sites; Gopher menus connect one site to another.

HIT: Jargon for itemized information located on the Internet.

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language): The computer language used for creating pages on the World Wide Web. It provides a common code for browses.

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): A protocol used to display preface documents on the World Wide Web.

HOME BUTTON: Click on this toolbar button and it will return the screen to the initial home page. Useful when navigating down unproductive links.

HOMEPAGE: Jargon for the first page--view--accessed on a particular Web page. See "Page."

INTERNET: A vast international electronic network that connects government, military, commercial, and education networks. Essentially it connects compatible computer sources around the world.

INTERNET RELAY CHAT (IRC): The term used when two or more Internet users type messages to each other in real time.

INTRANET: Network internal to an organization that uses Internet protocols.

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group): An image file format that is common on the Internet.

KEYWORD: Word or term that triggers a search engine.

LEASED LINE: A permanent telephone line used for transmitting data. Many school LANs are connected to the Internet through leased lines.

LISTSERVE: Mailing lists on the Internet provides a central service. FGCU will have both listserver and email.

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN): A system of interconnected computers, usually located within one building or adjacent buildings. In many cases, a LAN is connected into the Internet via a leased data line.

LOGOFF/LOGOUT: A command that notifies the host computer that the user is exiting the system. (Type logoff, exit, or bye.)

LOGON/LOGIN: The procedure that notifies the host computer that the user is accessing the network. Most logon procedures require an identification name and password.

MODEM (MOdulator-DEModulator): Modems are computer peripherals that enable computers to transmit information over telephone lines.

MULTIMEDIA: Web pages that supply information through sound and videos.

NAVIGATION: Accessing disjointed Web pages through a hyperlink. Hyperlinks are usually blue-on-red-colored words on a page.

NETIQUETTE: Expected model of behavior on the Internet, particularly when using email or chat.

NETSCAPE: A graphical browser for the Internet that displays images, sound, and movies.

NEWSGROUPS: Message-based discussion groups that operate as electronic bulletin boards, where users can leave messages for entire groups. Numerous newsgroups appear on the Internet and cover a variety of topics.

ONLINE: Active use of the Internet.

P-MAIL: Postal mail.

PACKET: A small group of computer data that is often a portion of a larger file. On the Internet, files are broken into packets which travel independently. When packets reach their destination, they are reassembled.

PAGE: Commonly defined as full-screen information drawn from a specific server. First page to appear on screen is often referred to as a "home page."

PARAMETERS: Set values that allow two computers to communicate in the same language. These values may include the number of stop bits, start bits, speed, etc.

PASSWORD: A private word or code used to access personal accounts on linked computers.

PLUG-IN: A software component required by an Internet browser to expand its abilities. For example, LiveAudio is a Netscape plug-in that enables it to play audio.

POINT TO POINT PROTOCOL (PPP): A method that allows a computer to connect directly to the Internet through a telephone line and high-speed modem (similar to a SLIP connection).

PROTOCOLS: The common network languages that define how computers communicate with each other on the Internet. Examples are FTP and HTTP.

SEARCH ENGINE: Programs and utilities that will search the Internet for relevant sites. Examples include Yahoo, Lycos, and Infoseek.

SERVER: A central computer, often extremely powerful, which acts as a clearinghouse between or among less powerful client computers. Usually these are connected by specific server software.

SERVICE PROVIDER: Internet service providers are organizations that provide connections to the Internet; these may be universities or private companies.

SNAIL MAIL: Conventional paper delivery, such as the U.S. mail.

SLIP (Serial Line IP): A method that allows a computer to connect directly to the Internet through a telephone line and high-speed modem (similar to PPP).

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The rules (or protocols) for data transfers on the Internet.

TELNET: A utility that allows a computer to log into a remote computer. Telnet access is used to search worldwide libraries and databases.

TERMINAL EMULATION: In order for a microcomputer to communicate with a mainframe, software must be able to emulate a terminal, such as VT-100.

UNIX: A common operating system used on the Internet (similar to MS-DOS).

UPLOAD: The process of sending a file from one computer to a remote computer.

URL (Uniform Resource Locators): The standard used for specifying the server and path information for documents on the World Wide Web.

USERNAME: Usually the access name or code required to access computer accounts. This will be your email address, e.g. IRVS@FGCU.EDU (your professor's email address).

VIRTUAL: Jargon for information or images pulled from cyberspace. For history researchers, this information often replicates valuable documents and other primary sources.

WEB BROWSER: See "client."

WEBFOLIO: Student work submitted via the Web. In my classes you may be required to submit a webfolio in lieu of printed matter, e.g. research papers and other printed projects.

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW): A part of the Internet that contains documents with hyperlinks to other documents.

Credits: The Florida Center for Instructional Technology, College of Education, University of South Florida, and the author of this handout.

History, Development and Future of Historical Computing:

Anderson, Sheila, The Future of the Present: The ESRC Data Archive as a Resource Center of the Future, History and Computing, Vol. 4, No. 3 (1992), pp. 191-200.

Davis, V., Denley, P., Spaeth, D. and Trainor, R. (eds), The Teaching of Historical Computing: An International Framework (St. Katharinen, 1993).

Denley, Peter, The Use of Computers in Historical Research, in K. Randell (ed), The Use of the Computer in the Study and Teaching of History (London, 1984), pp. 22-30.

Harvey, Charles, The Nature and Future of Historical Computing, in Evan Mawdsley et.al.: (eds), History and Computing III: Historians, Computers and Data (Manchester, 1990), pp. 204-13.

Higgs, Edward, Machine-Readable Records, Archives and Historical Memory, History and Computing, Vol. 4, No. 3 (1992), pp. 183-90.

Li, Xia and Nancy B. Crane, Electronic Styles: A Handbook for Citing Electronic Information (Information Today, Inc., 1996).

Murphy, George G.S., Historical Investigation and Automatic Data Processing Equipment, Computers and the Humanities, Vol. 3 (1969), pp. 1-13.

Rodriguez, Dawn, The Research Paper and the World Wide Web (Prentice Hall, 1997).

Shorter, Edward, The Historian and the Computer: A Practical Guide (New Jersey, 1971).

Silbey, Joel H., Clio and Computers: Moving into Phase II, 1970-1972, Computers and the Humanities, Vol. 7, No. 2 (1972), pp. 67-79.

Speck, W.A., History and Computing: Some Reflections on the Achievements of the Past Decade, History and Computing, Vol. 6, No. 1 (1994), pp. 28-32.

Thaller, Manfred, Methods and Techniques of Historical Computing, in Peter Denley and Deian Hopkin (eds), History and Computing (Manchester, 1987), pp. 147-56.

Zweig, Ronald W., Virtual Records and Real History, Historical Computing, Vol. 4, No. 3 (1992), pp. 174-82.

Databases:

Allen, Robert F. (ed.), Databases in the Humanities and Social Sciences 2 (Florida 1985).

Bowers, David S., From Data to Database (London, 2nd ed. 1993).

Bronzite, Michael, Introduction to ORACLE (Maidenhead, Berks, 1989).

Courtney, James F. Jr., and Paradise, David B., Database Systems for Management (Homewood, IL, 1992).

Date, C.J., Database: A Primer (Reading, MA, 1983).

Date, C.J., A Guide to INGRES (Reading, MA, 1987).

Date, C.J., An Introduction to Database Systems (Reading, MA, 5th ed. 1990), 2 vols.

Goldstein, Robert C., Database: Technology and Management (Chichester, Sussex, 1985).

Harris, Wayne, Databases for Business Users (London, 1992).

Korth, H.F., with Silberschatz, A., Database System Concepts (London, 2nd ed. 1991).

Litton, G.M., Database Management: A Practical Approach (Dubuque, Iowa, 1987).

McFadden, Fred R. and Hoffer, Jeffrey A., Database Management (Redwood City, CA, 3rd ed., 1991).

Oracle Corporation, ORACLE Overview and Introduction to SQL (Belmont, CA, 1985).

Oxborrow, Elizabeth, Databases and Database Systems: Concepts and Issues (Bromley, Kent, 2nd ed., 1986).

Ricardo, C., Database Principles, Design and Implementation (Basingstoke, 1990).

Rolland, F.D., Relational Database Management with ORACLE (Reading, MA, 2nd ed. 1991).

Stone, Christopher M. and Hentchel, David, Database Wars Revisited, Byte (Oct. 1990), pp. 223-42.

Stonebraker, Michael (ed.), The INGRES Papers: Anatomy of a Relational Database System (Reading, MA, 1986).

Stonebraker, Michael, Rowe, Lary A., Beech, David, Lindsay, Bruce, etal., The Third Generation Database System Manifesto, Proceedings of the IFIP, July 1990 (Amsterdam, 1990).

Tagg, R.M., Bibliographic and Commercial Databases: Contrasting Approaches to Data Management with Special Reference to DBMS, Program, Vol. 16, No. 4 (Oct. 1982), pp. 191-99.

Thaller, Manfred, [kleio]: A Database System (St. Katharine, 1993).

Valduriez, Patrick and Gardarin, Georges, Analysis and Comparison of Relational Database Systems (Reading, MA, 1989).
 
 

Record Linkage, Demography and Family Reconstitution:

Acheson, E.D., Medical Records Linkage (Oxford, 1967).

Acheson, E.D., Record Linkage in Medicine (Edinburgh and London, 1968).

Adman, Peter, Baskerville, Stephen W., and Beedham, Katharine F., Computer-Assisted Record Linkage: Or How Best to [Optimise] Links Without Generating Errors, History and Computing, Vol. 4, No. 1, (1992), pp. 21-25.

Ackerman, June, An Evaluation of the Family Reconstitution Technique, Scandinavian Economic History Review, Vol. 25 (1977), pp. 160-70.

Baldwin, J.A., Acheson, E.D. and Graham, W.J. (eds.). Textbook of Medical Record Linkage (Oxford, 1987).

Bean, Lee L., May, Dean L. and Skolnick, Mark, The Mormon Historical Demography Project, Historical Methods, Vol. 11, No. 1 (1978), pp. 45-53.

Bouchard, Gerard, [Computerized] Family Reconstitution and the Measure of Literacy: Presentation of a New Index, History and Computing, Vol. 5, No. 1 (1993), pp. 12-24.

Bouchard, Gerard and Pouyez, Christian, Name Variations and [Computerized] Family Reconstitution, Historical Methods, Vol. 19, No. 1 (1986), pp. 91-99.

Cambridge Group for the Study of Population and Social Structure, Automatic Record Linkage for Family Reconstitution, Local Population Studies, Vol. 40 (1988), pp. 10-16.

Davies, H.R., Automated Record Linkage of Census Enumerators' Books and Registration Data: Obstacles, Challenges and Solutions," History and Computing, Vol. 4, No. 1 (1992), pp. 16-26.

DeBron, David and Olsen, Mark, The Guth Algoihm and the Nominal Record Linkage of Multi-Ethnic Populations," Historical Methods, Vol. 19 (1986), pp. 20-24.

Dejardins, Bertrand and Nault, Francois, Recent Advances in [Computerized] Population Registers, Historical Methods, Vol. 21 (1988), pp. 29-33.

Doulton, David, and Kitts, Arno, The Storing and Processing of Historical Data, in Peter Denley, Stefan Fogelvik and Charles Harvey (eds.), History and Computing II (Manchester, 1989), pp. 81-89.

Eversly, D.E.C., Laslett, Peter and Wrigley, E. Anthony (eds.), An Introduction

to English Historical Demography (London, 1966).

Guth, Gloria J.A., Surname Spellings and Computerized Record Linkage, Historical Methods Newsletter, Vol. 10 (1976), pp. 10-19.

Hershberg, T. etal., Record Linkage, Historical Methods Newsletter, Vol. IX (1975/76), pp. 137-63.

Higgs, Edward, Making Sense of the Census: The Manuscript Returns for England and Wales, 1801-1901 (London, 1989).

Lamm, Doron, British Soldiers of the First World War: Creation of a Representative Sample, Historical Social Research, Vol. 13, No. 4 (1988), pp. 55-98.

Lipp, Carola, Symbolic Dimensions of Serial Sources: Hermeneutical Problems of Reconstructing Political Biographies Based on Computerized Record Linkage, Historical Social Research, Vol. 15, No. 1 (1990), pp. 30-40.

Macfarlane, Alan, Harrison, S. and Jardine, C., Reconstructing Historical Communities (Cambridge, 1977).

Newcombe, Howard B. and Kennedy, James M. "Record Linkage: Making Maximum Use of the Discriminating Power of Identifying Information," Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, Vol. 5 (1962), pp. 563-7.

Oldervoll, Jan, The Machine-Readable Description of Highly Structured Historical Documents: Censuses and Parish Registers," in Daniel Greenstein (ed.), Modeling Historical Data (St. Katharinen, 1991), pp. 169-78.

Schofield, Rogers., "Automatic Family Reconstitution: The Cambridge Experience," Historical Methods, Vol. 25 (1992), pp. 75-79.

Schurer, Kevin, Historical Demography, Social Structure and the Computer," in Peter Denley and Deian Hopkin (eds.), History and Computing Manchester, 1987), pp. 33-44.

Schurer, Kevin, Oeppen, Jim and Schofield, Roger, Theory and Methodology: An Example from Historical Demography," in Peter Denley, Stefan Fogelvik and Charles Harvey (eds.), History and Computing II (Manchester, 1989), pp. 130-42.

Skolnick, Mark H., The Resolution of Ambiguities in Record Linkages," in Anthony E. Wrigley (ed.), Identifying People in the Past (London, 1973).

Tepping, Benjamin J., "A Model for Optimal Linkage of Records," Journal of American Statistical Association, Vol. 63 (1968), pp. 1321-32.

Winchester, Ian, "A Brief Survey of the Algorithmic, Mathematical and Philosophical Literature Relevant to Historical Record Linkage" in Anthony E. Wrigley (ed.), Identifying People in the Past (London, 1973).

Winchester, Ian, The Linkage of Historical Records by Man and Computer: Techniques and Problems," Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 1 (1970), pp. 107-24.

Winchester, Ian, "What Every Historian Needs to Know about Record Linkage in the Micro-Computer Era," Historical Methods, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Fall 1992), pp. 149-62

Wrigley, E. Anthony (ed.), Identifying People in the Past (London, 1973).

Literary and Linguistic Computing:

Fiedling, N. and Lee, R. (eds.), Wordworking: Using Computers in Qualitative Research (London, forthcoming).

Grishman, R., Computational Linguistics: An Introduction (Cambridge, 1989).

Kenny, Anthony, The Computation of Style (Oxford, 1982).

Leiter-Kohrer, Ursula, "Linguistic Knowledge as a Background Component of An Application Oriented Workstation," Historical Social Research, Vol. 16, No. 4 (1991), pp. 89-99.

Rudall, B.H. and Corns, T.N., Computers and Literature (Cambridge, MA, 1987).

Smith, P.D., An Introduction to Text Processing (Cambridge, MA, 1990).

Bibliographies:

Birch, Debra, Denley, Peter and Ruusalepp, Ravio, A Historical Computing Bibliography (London, v2.0 1995), available on disk or hard copy.

Hall, J.S., Online Bibliographic Databases: A Directory and Sourcebook (London, 4th ed. 1986, or subsequent editions).

Kinberley, R., Text Retrieval: A Directory of Software (Aldershot, 1987).

Laboratoire, d'Etudes et de Recherches sure l'Information et la Documentation, History and Computing: An International Bibliography (St. Katharinen, 1994).

Lancashire, Ian and McCarty, Willard, The Humanities Computing Yearbook,1988 (Oxford, 1989).

Ross, Seamus and Higgs, Edward (eds.), Electronic Information Resources and Historians: European Perspectives (St. Katharinen, 1993).

Schurer, Kevin and Anderson, Sheila J. (eds.), A Guide to Historical Datafiles Held in Machine-Readable Form (London, 1992).

Journals:

Computers and the Humanities.

Histoire et Mesure.

Historical Methods, formerly Historical Methods Newsletter.

Historical Social Research/Historische Sozialforschung.

History and Computing, formerly Computing and History Today.

History Microcomputer Review.

Literary and Linguistic Computing.

Works Consulted:

Bibliographic and Database Information:

Harnack, Arden, and Eugene Kleppinger. Online!: A Reference Guide to Using Internet Sources. New York, 1997.

Harvey, Charles, and Jon Press. Databases in Historical Research: Theory, Methods and Applications. New York, 1996.

Stull, Andrew T. History of the Internet: A Student's Guide. Upper Saddle River, NJ: 1997.

Students in my class will use Kate L. Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (sixth edition) as their sole guide for completing footnotes, endnotes, and bibliographies. Citations for electronic documents can follow forms similar to general citations for printed material with one notable exception: the citation must provide additional site information necessary to locate the electronic source. This is accomplished by identifying the universal resources locator (URL), or or computer address, in your citation. The complete URL information will allow your reader to relocate and verify your documented sources. Think of it this way: What electronic resource information will your reader need to retrace your steps ( path ) for initially locating this source?

For more information, consult Turabian's section, Electronic Documenting. Two examples of her style follow:

William J. Mitchell, City of Bits: Space, Place, and the Infobahn [book on-line] (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1995, accessed 29 September 1995); available from:

http://www-mitpress.mit.edu:80/City_of_Bits/Pulling_Glass/index.html; Internet.

Joanne C. Baker and Richard W. Hunstead, Revealing the Effects of Orientation in Composite Spectra, Astrophysical Journal 452:L25-L98, 20 October 1995 [journal on-line]; available from:

http://www.aas.org/ApJ/v452n2/5309/5309.html; Internet; accessed 29 September 1995.

For electronic sources not found in Turabian, I recommend the following forms:

DISCUSSION GROUPS

Basic Form: Author of message. (year month day). Topic of discussion [Discussion]. LISTSERV [Online.] Available email: LISTSERV@email address

Example: Johnson, J. (1995 September 16). Flat tax [Discussion] Discussions on the Federal Tax System [On-line]. Available email: FEDTAX-L@SHSU.EDU

USENET MESSAGES

Basic Form: Author. (year month day). Subject [Discussion], [On-line]. Available email: USENET Newsgroup: name of group

Example: Jones, P. (1995 November 5). Revenge of the killer tomatoes [Discussion], [On-line]. Available email USENET Newsgroup: alt.cult-movies

EMAIL CORRESPONDENCE

Basic Form: Author. (year month day). Subject of the message [email to recipient's name], [On-line]. Available email: recipient's email address

Example: Smith, D. (1995 December 12). News from Miami [email to Williams], [On-line]. Available email: williams@virtu.sar.usf.edu