Class Summary for June 8, 1998

MAC 2311--Calculus I

 
 
We finished up our differentiation rules by considering exponential and logarithmic functions. By applying the definition of the derivative to the function f(t)=a^t, we saw that the critical part is determining the limit of (a^h-1)/h as h approaches zero. Naturally, the value of this limit depends on a, so the result is some function of a. We looked at a surface plot of f(a,h)=(a^h-1)/h for a small interval of values of h near zero, and saw that the resulting "curve" looked like a logarithm function. We confirmed that it is a logarithm, and saw that the base is the number that makes the limit have a value of 1. We approximated this number, and saw that it is about 2.71828... This number is called e, and is irrational (the letter e was coined by Euler). Thus, the value of the limit is the logarithm of a with base e; this is called the natural logarithm of a, and is denoted by ln(a). Putting it all together, we get that the derivative of a^t is ln(a)*a^t.

To find the derivative of the logarithm with base b, we began by writing y=log[b](t) in the exponential form t=b^y. Now, using the above rule, we can find dt/dy, and then take reciprocals to get dy/dt. We did this, and found that dy/dt=1/(t*ln(b)). As a special case worth mentioning, if b=e, then we have the derivative of ln(t) is 1/t. This is the last of our rules for derivatives. We did a few more practice problems in class finding derivatives by hand, this time incorporating exponential and logarithmic functions into the mix.

Finally, we took a look at functions defined by a table of values. Since we only know values at certain times, we cannot take limits, so we have to settle for a "reasonable" difference quotient. we saw three ways to do this: forward difference, backward difference, and symmetric difference (which is actually the average of the forward and backward differences). The forward difference is just the difference quotient with h>0, taking h as small as the data will allow. The backward difference is the similar quotient with h<0. In practice, the symmetric difference often yields a better approximation.

Now, at this point you have all the techniques for finding derivatives. The gateway test will be available starting June 22. Remember, you can take it multiple times, but it a requirement for completion of this course that you pass with 90% proficiency. The test consists of 10 functions for you to differentiate. Simplification of answers is not important, but accuracy is--there is no partial credit. You must get 9 out of 10 right to pass. I gave out sheets of practice problems in class for you to work with to refine your skills. I will be available to help you with difficulties, but this is something you are expected to do on your own--we will not spend more time in class on techniques for finding derivatives.
 

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Page created 24 June 1998, last updated 24 June 1998